Background: Creating an evidence base for policy and practice requires sufficient research capacity. However, research capacity is often limited, inequitably distributed, poorly integrated. Research is largely conducted independently of program providers and policy makers.

Method: Canadian investigators were funded to build pan-Canadian research capacity and exchange. The team developed a conceptual model to address three overlapping domains: strategic recruitment of scientists, trainees, and decision makers; creation of productivity tools/technical assistance; the development of social capital through communities of research and practice. Task groups of investigators developed specific objectives and activities relevant to each domain.

Results: Regional learning forums, exchange programs, seed grants, and access to productivity tools helped engage graduate students, multi-disciplinary investigators new to tobacco control, and decision makers. A repository for sharing proprietary data, methodological primers, a website, and newsletters have enhanced productivity and the translation of research products into policy and practice. Seed grants and an annual symposium have lead to the creation of problem focused teams. Network membership has quadrupled over four years. Dozens of new informal networks have developed.

Conclusions: The base grant provided initial infrastructure. However, exchange and social capital ensure sustainability. In return for access to productivity tools, data, and multi-disciplinary/multi sectoral networks affiliates are expected to contribute a small amount of time and expertise. Creation of social capital through mutual negotiation and engagement, trust, and reciprocity is essential.

Implications: The Canadian framework may serve as a prototype for other jurisdictions seeking to enhance research capacity and exchange.